Witnessed by: TCM

Horse dung (Equus caballus), of the Equidae (Mammalia) family. The domestic horse — a large single-hooved grazer of the Equidae; native range: the domestic horse, kept across China and east Asia. Globally recognized as ma fen (馬糞), bai ma tong (白馬通) in Chinese, and horse dung, horse manure in English. The part used is the dung — pressed for its juice while fresh, or dried and powdered; the pale dung of the white horse preferred, and the aged reckoned better still. Coarse fibrous dung, pale to olive-brown, the pressed juice muddy yellow-green, the smell grassy and rank rather than foul.

In this cross-tradition database, we analyze how this substance operates across world medicine systems — tracking its traditional tastes, temperatures, tissue affinities, post-digestive effects, and planetary correspondences across Ayurveda, Unani, and Western herbalism.

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